Occurrences des observations de la campagne REMMOA Guyane (2008)

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Occurrences des observations de la campagne REMMOA Guyane, 2008, Observatoire PELAGIS, AAMP.

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此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: d9adcc59-5362-43ec-ab95-8d8e1b4fdfa2。 Observatoire PELAGIS, UMS 3462 Système d'Observation pour la Conservation des Mammifères et Oiseaux Marins, Université de la Rochelle-CNRS 發佈此資源，並經由GBIF France同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。

關鍵字

Occurrence Megavertebrates Cetaceans Seabirds Aerial survey Antilles Guiana

聯絡資訊

Vincent RIDOUX

出處 ●
連絡人

Directeur

Observatoire PELAGIS - UMS 3462

5 allée de l'Océan

17000 La Rochelle

pelagis@univ-lr.fr

+33546449910

http://www.observatoire-pelagis.cnrs.fr

Hélène Falchetto

元數據提供者

Provider

Observatoire PELAGIS - UMS 3462

5 allée de l'Océan

17000 La Rochelle

pelagis@univ-lr.fr

+33546449910

http://www.observatoire-pelagis.cnrs.fr

地理涵蓋範圍

In Guiana, the French EEZ (4–9°N, 49–54°W), spanning 132,000 km2, extends 200NM into the Atlantic Ocean, including a broad continental shelf, a slope, wider on its western part and an abyssal plain where depths approach 4500 m. The French EEZ in the Antilles (14–19°N, 57–64°W), spanning 143,000 km2, extends from Guadeloupe and Martinique Islands, 200NM into the Atlantic Ocean and 80NM into the Caribbean Sea and northward around St Barthélemy and St Martin islands.

界定座標範圍	緯度南界經度西界 [4.18, -55], 緯度北界經度東界 [11.3, -48.8]

時間涵蓋範圍

起始日期 / 結束日期	2008-09-28 / 2008-10-12

計畫資料

無相關描述

計畫名稱	Distribution et abondance de la mégafaune marine en Guyane française
經費來源	L’Agence des Aires Marines Protégées a décidé de mettre en oeuvre, sur toutes les eaux sous juridiction française, un inventaire des populations de mammifères marins. L’objectif est d’effectuer tous les 5 ans, un suivi par survol aérien pour compléter les études en cours. Ce programme, confié à l'Observtoire PELAGIS (ex Centre de recherche sur les Mammifères Marins) – Université de La Rochelle - CNRS, doit couvrir l’ensemble des eaux françaises présentes dans les 3 océans. Il s’agit de produire une cartographie globale de la distribution des mammifères marins et de leurs habitats préférentiels sur l’ensemble de la ZEE. L’objectif est aussi de pouvoir effectuer des comparaisons entre les différents sites grâce à l’application d’une méthode standardisée. Une première campagne d’observation s’est déroulée en février-mars 2008 aux Antilles et la deuxième portant sur les eaux de Guyane a eu lieu en septembre-octobre 2008. Elle a bénéficié de l’appui de SeaVida et de la SEPANMAR, associations impliquées depuis plusieurs années dans le suivi des cétacés au Venezuela et en Martinique.
研究區域描述	In Guiana, the French EEZ (4–9°N, 49–54°W), spanning 132,000 km2, extends 200NM into the Atlantic Ocean, including a broad continental shelf, a slope, wider on its western part and an abyssal plain where depths approach 4500 m. Several rivers open into these waters(Approuague, Oyapock, and Maroni) as well as the Amazon plume. As a consequence, extensivemudflats are present along the coast and coastal waters are highly turbid (Froidefond et al., 1988). Local oceanography is strongly influenced by the variability of river discharge, maximum in May–June and minimum in November. The Amazon plume is retroflected during boreal summer (July to December) when the North Brazilian Current is the strongest (Longhurst, 2007, Fig. 1). Moreover, wind-driven coastal upwelling occurs, as indicated by the presence of cool water in the upper 10 m (Gibbs, 1980). Productivity is highly seasonal and maximal during summer. However, chlorophyll biomass inferred from remote sensing may be unreliable since the color of the water in the river plumes is dominated by dissolved organic matters rather than chlorophyll light absorption (Hu et al., 2004). The French EEZ in the Antilles (14–19°N, 57–64°W), spanning 143,000 km2, extends from Guadeloupe and Martinique Islands, 200NM into the Atlantic Ocean and 80NM into the Caribbean Sea and northward around St Barthélemy and St Martin islands (Fig. 1). These volcanic islands are characterized by narrow submarine shelves and a steep dropping of the sea floor, especially in the Caribbean Sea. Despite high biological productivity along the coasts, Caribbean pelagic waters are relatively oligotrophic and characterized by a permanent stratification (Longhurst, 2007). The regime of winds, influenced by the displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, has a strong influence on oceanographic processes (Longhurst,2007). The southern Caribbean shelf resembles ecologically the Guianean shelf, the turbid water from the Guyana Current passing along the southern Caribbean (near Trinidad and Tobago) to form the Caribbean Current (Johns et al., 1998). However, water entering the Caribbean through the Lesser Antilles arc is largely dominated by the flow of the North Equatorial Current and of low surface chlorophyll concentration (Borstad, 1982). The seasonal cycle is of small amplitude but is complex with annual and seasonal variability and chlorophyll maxima in both boreal winter and summer (the second possibly induced by the Orinoco discharge plume passing in the southeastern Caribbean) (Longhurst, 2007).
研究設計描述	Aerial surveys were conducted from the 4 February to the 5 March 2008 (15 days on effort) across the French Antilles and from the 29 September to the 10 October 2008 (12 days on effort) off French Guiana. In the Antilles, the survey was stratified according to the windward/leeward side of the islands and depth, including three strata: inshore Caribbean, inshore Atlantic and offshore Atlantic. In Guiana, a stratified survey design was implemented according to approximate depth categories, including three strata: neritic (0–200 m), slope (200–2000 m) and oceanic (>2000 m). Zigzag survey designs were implemented to provide a good spatial coverage within strata and improved flight efficiency (maximizing flight time spent on effort) (Buckland et al., 2001).

參與計畫的人員:

RIDOUX

連絡人

取樣方法

Aerial surveys were based on standard line transect sampling (Buckland et al., 2001). Transects were sampled at a target altitude of 182 m (600 ft) and a ground speed of 90 knots (167 km·h−1). Survey platform was a Partenavia P68, a high-wing, double-engine aircraft equipped with bubble windows so that observers could scan right underneath the plane. Survey crew consisted in two trained observers observing with naked eyes and a flight leader in charge of data collection on a laptop computer. A GPS, logged to a computer equipped with ‘VOR’ software (designed for the aerial survey of the SCANS-II program Hammond et al., 2006), collected positional information every 2 s. Additionally, Beaufort Sea state, turbidity, glare, cloud coverage as well as an overall subjective assessment of sighting conditions were collected at the beginning of each track line and whenever any of these values changed. The general protocol corresponded to published protocols prepared for small cetaceans (e.g. SCANS programs, Hammond et al., 2002, 2006). In addition to this, presence and group size of larger cetaceans, seabirds, sea turtles and elasmobranches were collected as well. Information recorded included identification to the taxonomic level, group size and angle to the track line, measured with a hand-held clinometer. Together with the altitude of the aircraft, the angle provided the perpendicular distance of the animal from the track line, which allowed distance sampling analyses to be conducted (Buckland et al., 2001). However, for seabirds, data was collected using the strip transect methodology based on the assumption that all seabirds within the strip are detected (Eberhardt 1978; Tasker et al. 1984). This methodology was used in an attempt to avoid disrupting the attention of the observers from the target species (cetaceans) in areas of high seabird densities. Strip width was 500 m on both sides of the track line in the Antilles and 150 m in Guiana. Identification was made to the lowest taxonomic level whenever possible, but groupings were inevitable for animals that could not be told apart from the air. Brown terns and brown boobies are examples of such groupings in the Antilles

研究範圍	In Guiana, the French EEZ (4–9°N, 49–54°W), spanning 132,000 km2, extends 200NM into the Atlantic Ocean, including a broad continental shelf, a slope, wider on its western part and an abyssal plain where depths approach 4500 m. The French EEZ in the Antilles (14–19°N, 57–64°W), spanning 143,000 km2, extends from Guadeloupe and Martinique Islands, 200NM into the Atlantic Ocean and 80NM into the Caribbean Sea and northward around St Barthélemy and St Martin islands.

研究範圍